SRIG 24-39: Effect of Allicin on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Expression in Human Splenic Microvascular Endothelial and Fibroblast Cells

What was the issue being addressed?

This project aimed to explore whether allicin, a natural compound found in garlic, can reduce the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in human splenic fibroblast cells. Since the spike protein plays a key role in viral entry into host cells, finding ways to suppress its expression could support the development of alternative antiviral strategies. While allicin is known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and cardiovascular properties, its antiviral effects remain understudied. This project sought to address that gap by testing allicin’s potential as a safe, plant-based approach to reduce viral protein expression inside human cells.

Provide a brief, lay description of the work undertaken/initiative.

Cells were cultured using complete fibroblast media (Cell Biologics, Cat# M2267). Once the cells reached 70-80% confluency, they were seeded into 6-well plates for experimental treatment. The experiment included multiple conditions across different wells: control, allicin-only, transfected-only, and allicin-treated (both before and after transfection). Cells were transfected with plasmid (pcDNA3-SARS-CoV-2-S-RBD-sfGFP) using Lipofectamine 3000. Allicin (50 µM final concentration) was applied 30 minutes before transfection (pre-treatment) and 6 hours after transfection (post-treatment). A 50 µM dose was prepared fresh using serum-free media. Throughout the experiment, cells were monitored for changes in morphology and transfection efficiency. GFP-tagged spike protein expression was visualized under a fluorescence microscope to assess the relative impact of allicin. After 24 hours, cells from all wells were collected. Cell lysates were stored at -20°C for future analysis. 

What is the expected impact this project will have on the community?

This project investigates the antiviral potential of allicin as a safe and accessible alternative to conventional treatments for viral infections like COVID-19. By targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, this research aims to provide preliminary evidence that naturally occurring molecules may help reduce viral expression without the side effects associated with synthetic drugs. If successful, this work could inform future development of low-cost, plant-based therapies that support public health especially in underserved communities. It promotes scientific innovation in natural product research and contributes toward better preparedness for future pandemics through alternative therapeutic strategies. 

Read the KPU News story on this research!